Spring boot - 외부 설정(Environment, @Value, @ConfigurationProperties)

@Slf4j
@Component
public class EnvironmentCheck {

    private final Environment env;

    public EnvironmentCheck(Environment env) {
        this.env = env;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        String url = env.getProperty("url");
        String username = env.getProperty("username");
        String password = env.getProperty("password");
        log.info("url url={}", url);
        log.info("username username={}", username);
        log.info("password password={}", password);
    }
}

url=local.db.com
username=local_user
password=local_pw
#---
spring.config.activate.on-profile=dev
url=dev.db.com
username=dev_user
password=dev_pw
#---
spring.config.activate.on-profile=prod
url=prod.db.com
username=prod_user
password=prod_pw

- application.properties 에 이런식으로 설정한다.

- 나중에 적용되는 값이 덮어씌어진다.

Program arguments

Add VM Options

 

 

@Slf4j
public class MyDataSource {

    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private int maxConnection;
    private Duration timeout;
    private List<String> options;

    public MyDataSource(String url, String username, String password, int maxConnection, Duration timeout, List<String> options) {
        this.url = url;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.maxConnection = maxConnection;
        this.timeout = timeout;
        this.options = options;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        log.info("url={}", url);
        log.info("username={}", username);
        log.info("password={}", password);
        log.info("maxConnection={}", maxConnection);
        log.info("timeout={}", timeout);
        log.info("options={}", options);
    }
}

 

 

Environment

import hello.datasource.MyDataSource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.List;

@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class MyDataSourceEnvConfig {

    private final Environment env;

    public MyDataSourceEnvConfig(Environment env) {
        this.env = env;
    }

    @Bean
    public MyDataSource myDataSource() {
        String url = env.getProperty("my.datasource.url");
        String username = env.getProperty("my.datasource.username");
        String password = env.getProperty("my.datasource.password");
        Integer maxConnection = env.getProperty("my.datasource.etc.max-connection", Integer.class);
        Duration timeout = env.getProperty("my.datasource.etc.timeout", Duration.class);
        List<String> options = env.getProperty("my.datasource.etc.options", List.class);

        return new MyDataSource(url, username, password, maxConnection, timeout, options);
    }
}

 

 

@Value

import hello.datasource.MyDataSource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.List;

@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class MyDataSourceValueConfig {

    @Value("${my.datasource.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${my.datasource.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${my.datasource.password}")
    private String password;
    //@Value("${my.datasource.etc.max-connection:2}") //값이 없으면 default 2로 한다는 뜻이다.
    @Value("${my.datasource.etc.max-connection}")
    private int maxConnection;
    @Value("${my.datasource.etc.timeout}")
    private Duration timeout;
    @Value("${my.datasource.etc.options}")
    private List<String> options;

    @Bean
    public MyDataSource myDataSource1() {
        return new MyDataSource(url, username, password, maxConnection, timeout, options);
    }

    @Bean
    public MyDataSource myDataSource2(
            @Value("${my.datasource.url}") String url,
            @Value("${my.datasource.username}") String username,
            @Value("${my.datasource.password}") String password,
            @Value("${my.datasource.etc.max-connection}") int maxConnection,
            @Value("${my.datasource.etc.timeout}") Duration timeout,
            @Value("${my.datasource.etc.options}") List<String> options) {
        return new MyDataSource(url, username, password, maxConnection, timeout, options);
    }
}

 

 

 

@ConfigurationProperties

my.datasource.url=local.db.com
my.datasource.username=username
my.datasource.password=password
my.datasource.etc.max-connection=1
my.datasource.etc.timeout=3500ms
my.datasource.etc.options=CACHE,ADMIN

import hello.datasource.MyDataSource;
import hello.datasource.MyDataSourcePropertiesV2;
import hello.datasource.MyDataSourcePropertiesV3;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@Slf4j
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MyDataSourcePropertiesV3.class)
public class MyDataSourceConfigV3 {

    private final MyDataSourcePropertiesV3 properties;

    public MyDataSourceConfigV3(MyDataSourcePropertiesV3 properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    @Bean
    public MyDataSource dataSource() {
        return new MyDataSource(
                properties.getUrl(),
                properties.getUsername(),
                properties.getPassword(),
                properties.getEtc().getMaxConnection(),
                properties.getEtc().getTimeout(),
                properties.getEtc().getOptions());
    }
}

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Max;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Min;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
import lombok.Getter;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.time.DurationMax;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.time.DurationMin;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.List;

@Getter
@ConfigurationProperties("my.datasource")
@Validated
public class MyDataSourcePropertiesV3 {

    @NotEmpty
    private String url;
    @NotEmpty
    private String username;
    @NotEmpty
    private String password;
    private Etc etc;

    public MyDataSourcePropertiesV3(String url, String username, String password, Etc etc) {
        this.url = url;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.etc = etc;
    }

    @Getter
    public static class Etc {
        @Min(1)
        @Max(999)
        private int maxConnection;
        @DurationMin(seconds = 1)
        @DurationMax(seconds = 60)
        private Duration timeout;
        private List<String> options;

        public Etc(int maxConnection, Duration timeout, List<String> options) {
            this.maxConnection = maxConnection;
            this.timeout = timeout;
            this.options = options;
        }
    }
}

장점

• 외부 설정을 객체로 편리하게 변환해서 사용할 수 있다.
• 외부 설정의 계층을 객체로 편리하게 표현할 수 있다.
• 외부 설정을 타입 안전하게 사용할 수 있다.
• 검증기를 적용할 수 있다.